Lesson 1: Open Educational Resources and Public Domain
"Untitled Photo" by Alvaro Serrano via Unsplash is licensed under the Unsplash license.
Open Educational Resources, or OER, are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open intellectual property license that permits their free use and revision by others. OER are meant to be shared and adapted to fit the needs of different teaching contexts and communities. They are meant to be used freely, with open access and at no cost.
When openly licensed, types of Open Educational Resources can include:
- full courses
- course materials
- modules
- educational games
- "open" textbooks
- videos
- tests
- software
- learning tools
- materials
- techniques used to support access to knowledge
Open resources, on the other hand, can be reused and revised without explicit permission from their creator. That is because they may have either open copyrights, or no copyrights at all. If an open resource has an open copyright, you must credit, or attribute, the creator whenever you revise, reuse, or redistribute that resource. You will learn more about types of open copyright in the Creative Commons section.
If an open resource has no copyrights at all, it is considered to be in the public domain. The public domain means that a work or resource can be used by anyone, at any time, with no credit or attribution to the creator. The copyright is waived, meaning the creator no longer owns the work, either because the copyright expired, or the creator wanted it to be open and free to the public.
OER can be either open copyright, or public domain. Be sure to thoroughly check every resource you use to be sure it is in fact an OER, and if it is public domain or has an open copyright. If it is public domain, you are free to use and adapt it as you wish, with no attribution to the creator. If it has an open copyright, it can be used and adapted, but must be attributed to the creator.
A good way to find OER is through the OER Commons. The Commons offers many kinds of OER, some of which are open copyright, and some that are in the public domain. You can search for resources based on their openness, or “Conditions of Use.”
"What is the difference between public domain and open license?" by Boyoung Chae, Ph.D., Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
This graphic shows the differences between public domain and openly licensed resources, highlighting that:
- Copyright, or intellectual property ownership of the resource is waived in public domain. The author has given away their rights to the work.
- Copyright, or intellectual property ownership of the resource remains in an open license. The author hasn't given away their rights to the work, but they do allow more rights to revise and reuse their intellectual property.